the definition of biofuel and biodiesel

Biofuel

Fuel oil or fuel known as one of the basic materials for human life. For example, only for vehicles with gasoline, diesel fuel for diesel engines, kerosene for cooking. Fuels, including natural resources that can not be renewed. Therefore, people need to consider replacement of the fuel. Fuels derived from fossil is the longer the increasingly thin. Many alternative energy start to be developed, including in Indonesia. Indonesia is located in the area and has a tropical climate benefits of utilizing the potential energy from plants and animals, or known as bioenergi.

What is classified bioenergi? There are several types of bioenergi, namely: bio-diesel, bioetanol, biomass, Pure Plant Oil (PPO), biobriket, bio-oil. Energy from plants and animals this is one of the increasingly escalating prices of produce (such as soybean, wheat, etc.), because most used to make bioenergi. Biofuel and bio-diesel is a fuel produced from organic materials.

Biofuel is any good padatan fuel, liquid or gas that is produced from organic materials. Biofuel can be produced directly from plants or indirectly from industrial waste, commercial, agricultural or domestic. There are three ways for making biofuel: burning dry organic waste (such as household waste, industrial waste and agricultural); fermentation of wet waste (such as animal dung) without oxygen to produce biogas (containing up to 60 percent methane), or sugar cane or corn fermentation for produce alcohol and ester; and energy from the forest (wood produced from plants that grow quickly as fuel).

The fermentation process produces two types of biofuel: alcohol and ester. Material-nbahan this theory can be used to replace fossil fuels, but sometimes necessary because of changes in the engine, biofuel is usually mixed with fossil fuels. EU plan 5.75 percent ethanol produced from corn, beet, potatoes or corn added to the fossil fuel in 2010 and 20 percent in 2020. Around a quarter of fuel transportation in 2002, Brazil is ethanol.

Biodiesel

Biodiesel is a fuel that consists of a mixture of mono - alkyl esters of long chain fatty acid, used as an alternative fuel for diesel engines and from the made terbaharui from sources such as vegetable oil or animal fat.

A process of transesterifikasi lipid used to change the basic oil into the desired esters and discard the fatty acid-free. After completing this process, not as direct vegetable oil, biodiesel has a nature similar to burning diesel (diesel) from oil, and can compensate in many cases. However, he more often used as an alternative to petroleum diesel, increasing gasoline, diesel fuel, pure ultra low sulfur low lubricants. He is the candidate who most closely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of transportation energy world, because he is terbaharui fuel that can replace diesel gasoline engine in the current and can be sold and transported using current infrastructure.

And the use of bio-diesel production increased quickly, especially in Europe, the United States of America, and Asia, although the market is still only a small part of sales of fuel. Growth of retail outlets to make more of providing biodiesel to consumers and also the growth of vehicles using bio-diesel as fuel.

Making biodiesel

On a small scale can be done with vegetable oil 1 liter of new or used. Methanol 200 ml or 0.2 liter. Caustic soda or 3.5 grams of NaOH to clean oil, used oil if needed 4.5 grams or more possible. This excess is needed to neutralize free fatty acid or FFA, which many in the oil used for frying. Can also take the KOH but the price has more expensive and required 1.4 times more than the soda.

The process of making; Soda fire be in Methanol and then entered into heated oil about 55 OC, stirred quickly for 15-20 minutes and then left in the cold night. But biodiesel will be at the top with a clear yellowish color and slightly below the mixture of soap between the FFA, the remaining methanol, which does not react and glyserin approximately 79 ml. Biodiesel is a yellowish liquid on the top of the separated easily with the cast and remove from the bottom of the liquid. For large-scale product dimurnikan the bottom of the can to get the expensive glycerin, soap and also the rest of methanol, which does not react.

Why former oil contains fatty acid-free?

When the oil used to fry events occur oxidation, hydrolysis, which split the oil into acid molecule. This process of increasing the warming of the high and a long time for frying food. The existence of free fatty acid in oil is not in good health. FFA can also be esters if the methanol reacted with, is if the soda will react with mebentuk soap. Products must dimurnikan of biodiesel byproducts, glycerin, soap residue methanol and soda. The remaining soda in the henghidrolisa and biodiesel can be split into biodiesel and then the FFA terlarut in the biodiesel itself. FFA content of the bio-diesel is not good because it can clog the filter or strainer with a deposition and corrosion in the metal-diesel engine.